Formulae of salts in Acids, Bases and Salts – Class 10 Science Experiment

Chapter Name: Acids, Bases and Salts

Activity Name: Formulae of salts in Acids, Bases and Salts

Activity Description:

In this experiment, we will write the chemical formulae of various salts and identify the corresponding acids and bases from which they are derived. We will also group the salts into families based on their positive or negative radicals.

Required Items:

1. Potassium sulphate
2. Sodium sulphate
3. Calcium sulphate
4. Magnesium sulphate
5. Copper sulphate
6. Sodium chloride
7. Sodium nitrate
8. Sodium carbonate
9. Ammonium chloride

Step by Step Procedure:

1. Take each salt sample and list them as follows:
   • Potassium sulphate: K2SO4
   • Sodium sulphate: Na2SO4
   • Calcium sulphate: CaSO4
   • Magnesium sulphate: MgSO4
   • Copper sulphate: CuSO4
   • Sodium chloride: NaCl
   • Sodium nitrate: NaNO3
   • Sodium carbonate: Na2CO3
   • Ammonium chloride: NH4Cl
2. Identify the corresponding acids and bases:
   • Potassium sulphate: Derived from sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).
   • Sodium sulphate: Derived from sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
   • Calcium sulphate: Derived from sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
   • Magnesium sulphate: Derived from sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2).
   • Copper sulphate: Derived from sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and copper(II) oxide (CuO).
   • Sodium chloride: Derived from hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
   • Sodium nitrate: Derived from nitric acid (HNO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
   • Sodium carbonate: Derived from carbonic acid (H2CO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
   • Ammonium chloride: Derived from hydrochloric acid (HCl) and ammonia (NH3).
3. Group the salts into families based on their positive or negative radicals:
   • Family of sodium salts: Na2SO4, NaCl, NaNO3, Na2CO3
   • Family of potassium salts: K2SO4
   • Family of calcium salts: CaSO4
   • Family of magnesium salts: MgSO4
   • Family of copper salts: CuSO4

Experiment Observations:

• The chemical formulae of various salts were determined.
• The acids and bases from which the salts are derived were identified.
• The salts were grouped into families based on their positive or negative radicals.

Precautions:

1. Handle the salts and chemicals with care, avoiding direct contact with the skin and eyes.
2. Use appropriate protective gear such as gloves and goggles while conducting the experiment.
3. Dispose of any waste materials properly and as per the recommended guidelines.

Lesson Learnt from Experiment:

1. Through this experiment, we learned how to write the chemical formulae of different salts and how to identify the corresponding acids and bases.
2. We also discovered that salts with the same positive or negative radicals belong to the same family.