Reaction of metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates with acids in Acids, Bases and Salts – Class 10 Science Experiment

Chapter Name: Acids, Bases and Salts

Activity Name: Reaction of metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates with acids in Acids, Bases and Salts

Activity Description:

In this experiment, students will investigate the reactions of metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates with acids. Two test tubes, labeled A and B, will be taken, and approximately 0.5 grams of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) will be placed in test tube A, while 0.5 grams of sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) will be placed in test tube B.

About 2 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) will be added to both test tubes, and the observations will be recorded. Additionally, the gas produced in each case will be passed through lime water (calcium hydroxide solution), and further observations will be recorded.

Required Items:

1. Two test tubes
2. Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
3. Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3)
4. Dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl)
5. Lime water (calcium hydroxide solution)

Step by Step Procedure:

1. Label two test tubes as A and B.
2. Place approximately 0.5 grams of sodium carbonate in test tube A and 0.5 grams of sodium hydrogen carbonate in test tube B.
3. Add about 2 mL of dilute hydrochloric acid to both test tubes.
4. Observe and record the reactions in each test tube.
5. Pass the gas produced in each case through lime water (calcium hydroxide solution) and record your observations.

Experiment Observations:

• Note the initial appearance of the substances in each test tube before adding the acid.
• Observe any changes in color, effervescence (bubbling), or other signs of a chemical reaction when the acid is added.
• Record the nature and amount of gas produced in each test tube.
• Note any changes in the lime water after passing the gas through it.

Precautions:

1. Handle the chemicals with care, wearing appropriate safety equipment such as gloves and goggles.
2. Work in a well-ventilated area or use a fume hood when dealing with gases.
3. Use the specified amounts of chemicals as directed in the procedure to avoid excessive reactions.
4. Dispose of the chemicals properly according to the guidelines provided by your instructor or local regulations.

Lesson Learnt from Experiment:

Through this experiment, students will learn that the reaction of metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates with acids results in the formation of corresponding salts, carbon dioxide, and water.

They will understand the chemical equations involved and the characteristics of the gas produced during the reactions. This activity helps reinforce the concept of acid-base reactions and the formation of products in such chemical processes.